LEVEL 407 EMBODIED ROBOTICS ZMP DYNAMICS

Humanoid Dynamics & Whole-Body Control (WBC) Simulator

An interactive engineering laboratory for bipedal humanoid locomotion: simulate Center of Mass (CoM) momentum, Zero Moment Point (ZMP) stability envelopes, dynamic impulse push recovery, and high-density joint actuator torque constraints.

STABLE
ZMP Convex Polygon State
1,000 Hz
WBC QP Solver Frequency
164 Nm
Peak Knee Actuator Demand
32 DOF
Full-Body Kinematic Chain
Balance & Perturbation Dynamic Solvers
Center of Mass (CoM)
Zero Moment Point (ZMP)
Support Polygon
QP Solver Converged
CoM Displacement (dx) +0.00 m
ZMP Coordinate (xzmp) +0.00 m
Ground Reaction Force 588 N

First-Principles Bipedal Humanoid Balance Dynamics

Dynamic bipedal balance is fundamentally underactuated: a humanoid cannot apply arbitrary torques directly to the world frame, but must modulate ground reaction force (GRF) contact wrenches within the convex support polygon defined by foot geometries.

1. Zero Moment Point (ZMP)

The Zero Moment Point is the exact surface coordinate where horizontal contact moments equal zero. Stable, non-tipping bipedal locomotion requires that the ZMP remains strictly enclosed inside the support polygon convex hull.

2. Linear Inverted Pendulum (LIPM)

By constraining CoM vertical acceleration to zero (constant height Zc), multi-body dynamics simplify into linear second-order equations: d^2 x / dt^2 = (g / Zc) * (x - x_zmp), yielding the characteristic natural frequency omega = sqrt(g / Zc).

3. Whole-Body QP Hierarchy

Quadratic programming resolves redundant kinematic chains at 1,000 Hz, prioritizing contact stability and self-collision avoidance at top priority, with torso posture and end-effector tasks satisfied in the null-space.